TY - BOOK AU - Udovitch, Abraham L. TI - At the origins of the western Commenda : Islam , Israel , Byzantium ? and credit as a means of investment in Medieval Islamic trade AV - HC415.15.U38 1969 PB - Program in Near Eastern Studies , Princeton University KW - Middle East - Economic conditions KW - Islamic Empire - Economic conditions KW - HC N1 - No. 9 reprinted from Speculum , xxxvii , 2 ( April 1962); No. 10 reprinted from Journal of the American Oriental Society , Lxxxvii , 3 (July - September , 1967); Cover title; Two issues in one N2 - Credit; Islamic countries; Trade; Economic conditions; International commercial transactions; Medieval History; Qirad; Commenda ER -